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Kepa Artaraz and Michael Hill (2016) Global Social Policy: Themes, Issues and Actors, New York, NY: Macmillan, £26.99, pp. 248, pbk.
- PAUL STUBBS
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- Journal:
- Journal of Social Policy / Volume 48 / Issue 2 / April 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 March 2019, pp. 422-423
- Print publication:
- April 2019
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Cannabis use and suicide attempts among 86,254 adolescents aged 12–15 years from 21 low- and middle-income countries
- Andre F. Carvalho, Brendon Stubbs, Davy Vancampfort, Stefan Kloiber, Michael Maes, Joseph Firth, Paul A. Kurdyak, Dan J. Stein, Jürgen Rehm, Ai Koyanagi
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 56 / Issue 1 / February 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 November 2018, pp. 8-13
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Background: Evidence suggests that cannabis use may be associated with suicidality in adolescence. Nevertheless, very few studies have assessed this association in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this cross-sectional survey, we investigated the association of cannabis use and suicidal attempts in adolescents from 21 LMICs, adjusting for potential confounders.
Method: Data from the Global school-based Student Health Survey was analyzed in 86,254 adolescents from 21 countries [mean (SD) age = 13.7 (0.9) years; 49.0% girls]. Suicide attempts during past year and cannabis during past month and lifetime were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted.
Results: The overall prevalence of past 30-day cannabis use was 2.8% and the age-sex adjusted prevalence varied from 0.5% (Laos) to 37.6% (Samoa), while the overall prevalence of lifetime cannabis use was 3.9% (range 0.5%–44.9%). The overall prevalence of suicide attempts during the past year was 10.5%. Following multivariable adjustment to potential confounding variables, past 30-day cannabis use was significantly associated with suicide attempts (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.42–2.91). Lifetime cannabis use was also independently associated with suicide attempts (OR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.74–3.04).
Conclusion: Our data indicate that cannabis use is associated with a greater likelihood for suicide attempts in adolescents living in LMICs. The causality of this association should be confirmed/refuted in prospective studies to further inform public health policies for suicide prevention in LMICs.
3 - Ambivalent reflections on violence and peacebuilding: Activist research in Croatia and the wider post-Yugoslav space
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- By Paul Stubbs
- Edited by Althea-Maria Rivas, University of Sussex, Brendan Ciarán Browne, Trinity College Dublin
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- Book:
- Experiences in Researching Conflict and Violence
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 08 April 2022
- Print publication:
- 17 January 2018, pp 55-74
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Summary
Introduction
I came to Croatia for the first time in May 1993, to work as a volunteer with the Croatian non-governmental organisation (NGO) Suncokret (Sunflower). I spent some nine months in total in a refugee camp in Savudrija, on the Istrian coast close to Slovenia, temporary home to some 2,000 refugees, mainly from central Bosnia. I moved to the Croatian capital Zagreb in 1994 working on a UK government-funded research project ‘Social Reconstruction and Social Development in Croatia and Slovenia’, later extended to cover Bosnia and Herzegovina. I continued to be active in and around Suncokret and the Anti-War Campaign, Croatia, helping to form, in 1997, the Centre for Peace Studies, a Croatian NGO that continues to exist today. Between 1998 and 2003 I worked intensively on designing, implementing and evaluating social welfare reform projects in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia. In November 2003, I was appointed to a research position in the Institute of Economics, Zagreb, a public research institute. I continue to be based there, researching, among other themes, social policy; activism and social movements; clientelism and political capture; poverty and social exclusion; and policy translation.
Rather than exploring a single, time-limited, period of fieldwork, my chapter addresses some of the deep uncertainties and heartfelt dilemmas inherent in living, acting, observing and writing in conflict and post-conflict environments over a long period of time. My combination of activist, advocacy, consultant and academic roles, the fact that however much I integrate into Croatian society I remain a foreigner fully formed as a scholar in the imperialist-colonialist West, and the ways in which I have intervened critically in a number of debates in Croatia and the wider post-Yugoslav space all serve to multiply the ‘messiness’ inherent in research in and on violent spaces that is a recurring theme throughout this book.
This chapter applies a post-disciplinary perspective to researching violent conflict, emphasising political and ethical dilemmas. It is organised around the concepts of ‘ambivalence’ and ‘positionality’ that have helped to frame some of my interventions in the public sphere. I refer to these in the plural form in this text as part of an ongoing commitment to pay attention to ‘the multiple, the plural, the contradictory and the awkward’ (Clarke et al, 2015a, p 44).
Graham Room (2016), Agile Actors on Complex Terrains: Transformative Realism and Public Policy, London and New York: Routledge, £34.99, pp. 204, pbk.
- PAUL STUBBS
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- Journal:
- Journal of Social Policy / Volume 47 / Issue 2 / April 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 December 2017, pp. 418-419
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- April 2018
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Juicy Conceptualizations: Increasing Alliance Through Attending to Client Metaphoric Language
- Fiona Mathieson, Jennifer Jordan, Paul Merrick, Maria Stubbe
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- Journal:
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy / Volume 45 / Issue 6 / November 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 May 2017, pp. 577-589
- Print publication:
- November 2017
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Background: There is increasing interest in the use of metaphor in cognitive behaviour therapy. Experts advocate bringing client metaphors into case conceptualizations, but there is little empirical research to support this. Aims: This study evaluated the effect of training 12 therapists to attend to client metaphors and bring them into case conceptualizations. Method: Pre- and post-training role-played therapy sessions were conducted and video-recorded. Alliance was rated by role play ‘clients’ and an external expert rated the quality of the sessions and of the shared conceptualizations. Results: There were significant increases in some ratings of alliance, based on role play ‘client’ ratings and external ratings of role plays of therapy sessions before and after training. The greater the difference between therapist and ‘client’ on a measure of preference for producing metaphor, the lower the rating of the session by the ‘client’ on the Bond factor score of an alliance measure, the Working Alliance Inventory. This result suggests that working metaphorically may be most effective when the therapist and client have a similar degree of preference for speaking metaphorically. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary support for the idea that attending to client metaphors during conceptualization can be beneficial for alliance.
One - Moving policy studies
- John Clarke, The Open University, Dave Bainton, University of Bristol, Noémi Lendvai, University of Bristol, Paul Stubbs, Ekonomski institut Zagreb
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- Book:
- Making Policy Move
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 07 March 2022
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- 15 April 2015, pp 9-32
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Summary
Settling and unsettling policy and its study
Policy matters. In part at least, this is because policy involves social processes that are intertwined with people's lives, often in very profound, sometimes oppressive, and even violent, ways. This book is concerned with policy movement, including the mobility of policy across borders and boundaries. Associated in different ways with the dynamics of globalisation, the role of supranational organisations and agencies, or the spread of ‘best practice’, the trans-border, trans-boundary, movement of policies is visible on a large scale – whether this is the spread of Conditional Cash Transfer policies (see, eg, Ferguson, 2010; Lavinas, 2013), the rise of ‘austerity’ (Clarke and Newman, 2012; Blyth, 2013) or the propagation of the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (Gabay, 2012).
When policy moves, it is always translated: that is, it is made to mean something in its new context. Policy is never a singular entity: it is put together – or assembled – from a variety of elements that are always in the process of being reassembled in new, often surprising, ways. This concern with movement, translation and assemblage is central to our challenging of more conventional views of policy mobility, such as ‘policy transfer’, ‘policy diffusion’ or ‘policy learning’. Our concern is with the limitations of what we see as a conventional and linear approach to the policy process that too readily treats policy as a finished object. Instead, we will suggest that policy always involves practices of translation as policies are interpreted, enacted and assembled. Hence, we share, but also attempt to go beyond, a conception of policy as moving horizontally, across sites, and vertically, from policymaking centres to ‘implementation’ on the front line. As Kingfisher (2013: 3) argues:
[T]wo insights – policy as a power-laden artifact and architect of culture, and policy produced not only officially but also in myriad unofficial ways – serve to displace models of policy as rational, neutral and acultural, as well as to trouble visions of policy as something that can be implemented in any kind of straightforward, top-down, unmediated, and transparent manner. Instead, these insights invite us to envision the life of social policy – a process rather than a thing – as complex and convoluted, tracing and leaving traces of meaning and power as it travels across sites and through persons.
Contents
- John Clarke, The Open University, Dave Bainton, University of Bristol, Noémi Lendvai, University of Bristol, Paul Stubbs, Ekonomski institut Zagreb
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- Book:
- Making Policy Move
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
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- 07 March 2022
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- 15 April 2015, pp iii-vi
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Frontmatter
- John Clarke, The Open University, Dave Bainton, University of Bristol, Noémi Lendvai, University of Bristol, Paul Stubbs, Ekonomski institut Zagreb
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- Making Policy Move
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- Bristol University Press
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- 07 March 2022
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- 15 April 2015, pp i-ii
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Seven - ‘Policy otherwise’: towards an ethics and politics of policy translation
- John Clarke, The Open University, Dave Bainton, University of Bristol, Noémi Lendvai, University of Bristol, Paul Stubbs, Ekonomski institut Zagreb
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- Book:
- Making Policy Move
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- Bristol University Press
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- 07 March 2022
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- 15 April 2015, pp 187-228
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Summary
Introduction
In this final chapter, we return to thinking and writing collaboratively in order to develop our approach of ‘making policy move’ in several ways. First, we reflect on the four ‘case study’ chapters to draw out some general observations about what has been gained by putting our vocabulary for policy analysis to work. Then, we explore the implications of thinking through assemblage and translation for ‘policy otherwise’: asking what sorts of possibilities such an approach brings into view. In the third section, we take these concerns back to the case study chapters to ask what ‘policy otherwise’ might look like in those settings: how might they be assembled and translated differently? These comments are intended as brief reflections that point to the possibilities of ‘otherwise’, rather than programmatic statements, strategies or grand plans. Finally, we end – as our collaboration began – in conversation, with a transcription of a discussion at our last meeting (in Veszprém, Hungary) in February 2014. In that conversation, we explore some of the key issues and concerns that have shaped our work together and worry about some of their implications. This seems like an appropriately conversational and open-ended finale to an unfinished – and unfinishable – project.
Tales of translation and assemblage
In the four substantive chapters, we have put elements of our vocabulary of ‘policy in motion’ to work in exploring four very different cases: global education policy in Ladakh; policy consultancy in South East Europe; the translation of social inclusion between the European Union (EU) and Hungary; and the managerialisation of universities in England. These are diverse cases – in their subject matter, in their settings and in our approaches to them. Nevertheless, we are convinced that each of them bears witness to the value of examining policy through the lenses of assemblage and translation. Most obviously, approaching policy through translation illuminates what is at stake as policy travels from place to place. Ideas of policy transfer and diffusion largely ignore what happens as policy travels and transmutes in linguistic, symbolic and cultural forms – as it is actively translated between one site and another (in which the intimate relationships between language, culture, power and politics are always in play).
References
- John Clarke, The Open University, Dave Bainton, University of Bristol, Noémi Lendvai, University of Bristol, Paul Stubbs, Ekonomski institut Zagreb
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- Book:
- Making Policy Move
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- Bristol University Press
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- 07 March 2022
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- 15 April 2015, pp 229-254
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Two - Translation, assemblage and beyond: towards a conceptual repertoire
- John Clarke, The Open University, Dave Bainton, University of Bristol, Noémi Lendvai, University of Bristol, Paul Stubbs, Ekonomski institut Zagreb
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- Book:
- Making Policy Move
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- Bristol University Press
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- 07 March 2022
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- 15 April 2015, pp 33-64
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Summary
Introduction
The chapter offers a set of concepts that we have found useful in rethinking policy and its movement beyond orthodox ‘policy studies’ approaches. We are, of course, not alone in trying to escape the limitations and assumptions of this orthodoxy; indeed, critical alternatives have been proliferating over the last 30 years or so. In different ways, these have tried to unlock or displace the rationalist, linear, positivist and depoliticising tendencies of the world of policy studies. We share many of these concerns and have a strong sense that our own development is inextricably intertwined with interpretivist, Marxist, feminist, post-structuralist and other strands of critical thought that have reworked the task of studying policy. Yet, we are also struck by a puzzle that emerges in critical approaches.
One of the recurring dynamics of critical policy studies is the unlocking of the narrow confines within which ‘policy’ is conventionally enclosed – the rational, technocratic world of policymaking, policy implementation, review and reflections on the ‘unintended consequences’ or ‘unexpected failures’ of the original policy objectives. The ‘scene’ of policy in these orthodox approaches is an orderly one: predictable groups of actors (political representatives, government officials, consultants, advisors, state employees and more or less grateful recipients) populate this scene. Critical approaches to studying policy have disrupted this scene: exploring how economic, social and political forces come to affect the making of policy; suggesting that states are more complex and contradictory entities; asking how populations are imagined and enacted in policy; questioning the ways in which policies position and discipline categories of people; and examining how policies work to enact or advance some social interests despite their technocratic neutrality. In such views, policy is rarely rational, never merely technical and always political in some larger sense. Interests, identities and intentions are intimately entwined in the processes and practices of policy.
The puzzle, though, emerges at this point: is policy merely the carrier of such interests, intentions or identities? If we know that a policy furthers the interests of capital, advances a neoliberal conception of the subject and enacts patriarchal authority, then attention tends to move away from policy to these larger forces, tendencies or dynamics.
Three - Performing reform in South East Europe: consultancy, translation and flexible agency
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- By Paul Stubbs
- John Clarke, The Open University, Dave Bainton, University of Bristol, Noémi Lendvai, University of Bristol, Paul Stubbs, Ekonomski institut Zagreb
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- Book:
- Making Policy Move
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 07 March 2022
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- 15 April 2015, pp 65-94
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Summary
An introduction
This chapter is born out of the ambivalence I confess to feeling as a result of having undertaken a range of tasks covered by the term ‘consultant’ for a number of international organisations in South East Europe and beyond since about 1997, reaching a peak in the early 2000s, mainly concerned with aspects of social welfare reform. It reflects on the limits of the ‘consultancy’ role, building on earlier works that, using different registers, explored the growing salience of consultancies in transnational social policymaking (Stubbs, 2002, 2003). I continue to argue that engaging in consultancy gave me access to material that, as a researcher, I was highly unlikely to be privy to, and provided much-needed insights into the ‘black box’ of policy translation missing from more institutionalist accounts. Subsequently, my involvement, with others, in a critique of the very programmes that I had helped to put in place, however, merely served to compound ambivalence upon ambivalence.
This text revisits some of my consultancy experiences and examines them through a translation lens, suggesting that transnational reforms are always translated and never merely transferred or transplanted. The chapter reflects some of my current concerns with understanding reform attempts in the ‘semi-periphery’ of South East Europe as arenas of struggle, neocolonial ‘contact zones’, sites of diverse performances, on- and off-stage interactions, and improvisations marked by ‘radically asymmetrical relations of power’, containing elements ‘ignored or suppressed by diffusionist accounts of conquest and domination’ (Pratt, 1992: 7).
The chapter explores two broad sets of reform efforts in which I was involved. The first relates to a relatively minor role I had as a consultant on a United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)-led Regional Consultation on Child Care System Reform in South East Europe, culminating in a conference in the Bulgarian capital, Sofia, in 2007. Here, I use material first prepared, jointly, with Reima Ana Maglajlić, who was a consultant on the same programme (Stubbs and Maglajlić, 2012, 2013). The second relates to the UK Department for International Development's (DFID’s) efforts in the early 2000s to reform social welfare systems in Bosnia-Herzegovina (B-H), discussed in a paper co-written with Noémi Lendvai (Lendvai and Stubbs, 2009b).
Introduction
- John Clarke, The Open University, Dave Bainton, University of Bristol, Noémi Lendvai, University of Bristol, Paul Stubbs, Ekonomski institut Zagreb
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- Book:
- Making Policy Move
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 07 March 2022
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- 15 April 2015, pp 1-8
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Summary
Policy moves. It moves from place to place: from the head offices of supranational organisations to the (more or less) grateful recipients in faraway elsewheres; or from the strategic stratosphere to the gritty encounters of the front line. Policy moves – and the fact of its movement makes things happen. What happens is not necessarily what was intended, or what was planned. Policy moves – and moves on, colonising new spaces and new settings with the promise of improving things. All of this is well-known – in the world of policymaking and moving, and in the world of policy studies. However, this book emerges from a sense of puzzlement: ‘How does policy move?’; ‘Who and what makes it move?’; ‘What happens as it arrives and settles in those “elsewheres”?’; ‘What keeps it moving?’; and ‘What happens to it as it moves?’ Linked to this sense of puzzlement – and the questions that preoccupy us – is a sense of frustration: why are these not the organising questions of policy studies? Why do the questions and answers of so much academic work on policy leave us cold? This mix of puzzlement and frustration brings us to this point: writing a book about making policy move.
Over the last decade, we have found ourselves in recurring conversations and collaborations, despite our geographically and institutionally distributed lives. Those conversations have continually returned to the puzzles and the frustrations that link us. In that time, we have shared our frustrations, exchanged sources of excitement and inspiration, and explored ways of thinking about how policy moves and what happens as it does. In particular, our conversations have led us to this collaboration – in which we try to see what happens if we use the ideas of translation and assemblage (and others) to think about policy moves. Doing a book is itself a practice of translation – in which we move from talking to ourselves (and small audiences at conferences and workshops) to addressing unseen others. Translation – as we suggest in the book – is a risky practice: much can be lost in translation and unanticipated meanings and effects can be gained.
Making Policy Move
- Towards a Politics of Translation and Assemblage
- John Clarke, Dave Bainton, Noémi Lendvai, Paul Stubbs
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- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 07 March 2022
- Print publication:
- 15 April 2015
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Written by key people in the field, this timely and accessible book argues that treating policy’s movement as an active process of 'translation', in which policies are interpreted, inflected and re-worked as they change location, is of critical importance for studying policy.
Index
- John Clarke, The Open University, Dave Bainton, University of Bristol, Noémi Lendvai, University of Bristol, Paul Stubbs, Ekonomski institut Zagreb
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- Book:
- Making Policy Move
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 07 March 2022
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- 15 April 2015, pp 255-261
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Contributors
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- By Marc Alexander, Joe Bray, Beatrix Busse, Patricia Canning, Ronald Carter, Jonathan Charteris-Black, Billy Clark, Tracy Cruickshank, Barbara Dancygier, Alan Durant, Catherine Emmott, Olga Fischer, Joanna Gavins, Alison Gibbons, Christiana Gregoriou, Geoff Hall, Craig Hamilton, Patrick Colm Hogan, Lesley Jeffries, Manuel Jobert, Rodney H. Jones, Marina Lambrou, Benedict Lin, Bill Louw, Dan McIntyre, Michaela Mahlberg, Jessica Mason, David S. Miall, Sara Mills, Marija Milojkovic, Ruth Page, David Peplow, Mick Short, Paul Simpson, Violeta Sotirova, Gerard Steen, Peter Stockwell, Michael Stubbs, Michael Toolan, Katie Wales, Sara Whiteley
- Edited by Peter Stockwell, University of Nottingham, Sara Whiteley, University of Sheffield
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of Stylistics
- Published online:
- 05 March 2015
- Print publication:
- 08 May 2014, pp ix-xv
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Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. 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Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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thirteen - Rescaling emergent social policies in South East Europe
- Edited by Kirstein Rummery, University of Stirling, Ian Greener, Chris Holden
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- Book:
- Social Policy Review 21
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 05 July 2022
- Print publication:
- 17 June 2009, pp 283-306
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Summary
Introduction: situating South East Europe
It is far from clear where South East Europe begins and ends. It is as much, if not more, a geopolitical construct as it is an identifiable geographical space. It may best be conceived as an emergent subregional space, more ascribed by outside forces rather than celebrated as a region from within. These ascriptions are, themselves, contradictory and somewhat Janus-faced, with a rather pejorative construction of the Balkans, only slightly amended in the European Union's (EU) notion of the Western Balkans (former Yugoslavia minus EU member state Slovenia and plus Albania), standing in some tension with an idea that the countries of the region are next in line for EU membership. These tensions relate to real political processes, which tend to fuse and confuse the border between truly ‘domestic’ and truly ‘international’ policy processes, between a status of ‘rejoining Europe’ or remaining as one of ‘Europe's others’. At times, nation-state building processes have led to a scramble for positioning regarding what has been termed ‘Euro-Atlantic integration’ in which countries and territories seek to out-do their neighbours in meeting broad conditionalities for EU and NATO membership. At other times, quite specific political choices have led to rather idiosyncratic developmental paths being pursued, producing new hybrid political economies merging a rather clientelistic ‘crony capitalism’ (Bičanić and Franičević, 2003) with the existence of authoritarian nationalisms and parallel power networks (Solioz, 2007). Sometimes, both tendencies appear to co-exist in a rather uneasy relationship not easily challenged by a rather crude ‘stick-and-carrot’ approach from the EU and other regional players (Bechev, 2006).
The wars and conflicts since 1991, and the reconstitution of various states, mini-states and territories with a rather complex relationship to each other, indicate how political, social, cultural, economic and institutional arrangements have been profoundly destabilised, and subnational, national and regional scales and their interrelationships are still heavily contested (Deacon and Stubbs, 2007; Clarke, 2008). The complexities of governance arrangements in the region certainly stretch the logics of a ‘multilevel governance’ approach popular within Western European political science, although whether or not this stretching reaches ‘breaking point’ is contested (see Stubbs, 2005; Bache et al, 2007). The complexities of state fragmentation and state-building consequent upon the wars of the Yugoslav succession remain unfinished.
E. Marlier, A.B. Atkinson, B. Cantillon and B. Nolan (2007), The EU and Social Inclusion: Facing the Challenges. Bristol: Policy Press. £65.00, pp. 303, hbk.
- PAUL STUBBS
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- Journal:
- Journal of Social Policy / Volume 37 / Issue 3 / July 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 July 2008, pp. 525-526
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- July 2008
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ten - Policies as translation: situating transnational social policies
- Edited by Susan M. Hodgson, University of Sheffield, Zoë Irving, University of York
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- Book:
- Policy Reconsidered
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- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 15 September 2022
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- 21 November 2007, pp 173-190
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Summary
Introduction
A constructivist ‘anthropology of policy’ ‘treats the models and language of decision-makers as ethnographic data to be analysed’ (Shore and Wright, 1997, p 13) so that policy is viewed as a process rather than a fact. This approach is more concerned with how policy means rather than with what policy means. It reverses a traditional anthropology of ‘making the strange familiar’ with a commitment to ‘making the familiar strange’ (MacClancey, 2002, p 7). In addition, policy has become internationalised, with important policy-making arenas existing at levels beyond those of the nation state; transnationalised, as policy models and frameworks travel across time and place; and even globalised through the formal conditionalities of international financial institutions and the ‘soft’ power of ‘global public policy networks’ (see Stone, 2003). This chapter, essentially, explores some of the implications of developing an anthropology or ethnography of the transnational dimensions of policy, that is, those dimensions of policy which encompass levels beyond the individual nation state.
This is framed, theoretically, in terms of the notion of transnational policy not as transfer but rather as translation. It is addressed, contextually, in terms of our own work on understanding changes in social policies in a number of post-communist countries in transition in Central and South Eastern Europe as a somewhat dramatic, although perhaps not unique, site of a decade and a half of ‘symbolic hyperinflation’ of ‘symbols, metaphors, language and emblems’ (Scott, 2002). A complex conceptual architecture has emerged, under the umbrella of ‘reform’, constructed in the encounter with supranational bodies including the European Union, the World Bank and the United Nations and its agencies, as well as in and through encounters with a range of international non-state actors, including international NGOs and private consultancy companies.
In this sense, our work is part of an emerging tradition of international social policy research which replaces a notion of international actors as all-powerful with a much more complex, contextually-rooted understanding of the interactions within and between supranational and national actors. We adhere to ethnographic accounts of policy change processes which emphasise policy mediation, dialogue, translation, compromise and resistance. We focus on social policy in terms of its ‘deep uncertainties’ or ‘displacements’ of the taken for granted (Rustin and Freeman, 1999, p12).